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444 million years – 444 metres The continents freeze while moving through the southern polar region. The forming glaciers bind water and the sea level… Read More »Ice ages cause extinctions

470 million years – 470 metres Liverworts and Arthropods rise to the dry land as first plants and land animals. Due to a collision of… Read More »Plants and animals conquer land

485 million years – 485 metres The surface of the oceans is at its highest. Animal diversification continues. The first vertebrates evolve. Corals, Orthocerai, moss… Read More »Shallow sea bustling with life

541 million years – 541 meters Animals diversify rapidly. Marine oxygen content is rising, predators evolve and many groups, such as Trilobites, evolve a hard… Read More »Animals diversify rapidly

575 million years – 575 metres The Ediacara biota diversifies in the expanding shallow seas. These thin soft-bodied animals include early forms of polyps, medusas… Read More »Soft sessile animals

625 million years – 625 metres The open clusters in the constellation of Hyades and Cancer are born. Image: The open clusters of Praesepe. Miguel… Read More »The open cluster of Praesepe

660 million years – 660 metres Most of the Earth is covered by glaciers, even close to the equator. There is a substantial amount of… Read More »The first animals on an ice planet

900 million years – 900 metres The continents merge, due to plate tectonics, to form the Rodinia supercontinent. Oxygen-producing photosynthesis binds carbon dioxide. Volcanic activity… Read More »The supercontinent Rodinia

1 200 million years – 1.2 kilometres Multi-cellular filamentous red algae evolve. Multicellularity enables cells to specialize for different tasks and the development of large… Read More »Multicellularity: Red algae

1 275 million years – 1.3 kilometres The olivine diabase found in the Satakunta province originates from the Earth’s mantle and represents the eruption vents… Read More »The Satakunta olivine diabases